Table 3.

The unique contributions of microbes to salinity tolerance by plants

Plants	Microbes	Microbial influenced plant productivity and salinity tolerance	Reference
Chili	Bacillus spp. Alcaligenes spp. Proteus spp. Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus	Significantly increased root and shoot length more than the control	Patel et al. (2017)
Rice	Enterobacter sp.	Promoted the growth of rice seedling and reduced ethylene production and antioxidant enzyme activities in the plant	Sarkar et al. (2018)
Rice	Bacillus sp.	Aided the alleviation of salt stress by increasing the biomass and growth of rice seedling via production of indole acetic acid and deaminase enzyme	Misra et al. (2017)
Festuca arundinacea	Enterobacter ludwigii	Membrane transport protein in the microbe that control sodium and hydrogen ion movement across bacteria cell and the production of plant hormone, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation contribute towards the growth, tolerance, and plant productivity	Kapoor et al. (2017)
Alfalfa	Halomonas maura Ensifer meliloti	Increased the weight of shoot dry weight, yield, and water content of the plant	Martinez et al. (2015)
Rice	Thalassobacillus denorans (NCCP-58) Oceanobacillus kapialis (NCCP-76)	Inoculated plant was observed to have increased germination ability, root and shoot growth, protein, and chlorophyll contents as well as nutrient contents with reduced sodium ion accumulation in the plant	Shah et al. (2017)
Rice	Bacillus pumilus	Enhanced plant growth and decreased the accumulation of sodium ions without having an effect on boron accumulation in the leaf tissues	Khan et al. (2016a)
Oat	Klebsiella sp.	It boosted plant growth, water content, dry shoot, and root weight of inoculated plant	Sapre et al. (2018)
Wheat	Bacillus subtilis	Enhanced salicyclic acid content of the plant, leaf water content, and reduced proline and malondialdehyde content of the plant for better induction of systemic resistance	Lastochkina et al. (2017)
Barley	Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus	The production of deaminase enzyme enhanced percentage root and shoot dry weight and growth of the plant	Suarez et al. (2015)
Canola	Enterobacter cloacae HSNJ4	Enhanced canola tolerance via promotion of plant hormone content of the plant and reduced ethylene and malondialdehyde content. Root, shoot, and chlorophyll contents were improved	Li et al. (2017)
Sunflower	Rhizophagus irregularis Chryseobacterium humi ECP37 Ochrobacterium haematophilum ZR3-5	Improved biomass and nutritional content of the plant as well as antioxidant response in the plant and lowered sodium ion content in the plant	Pereira et al. (2016)
Lettuce Radish Chinese cabbage	Arthrobacter scleromae SYE-3	Increased all the plant shoot length and leaf number in lettuce by 45.1%	Hong and Lee (2017)