Table 3.
Median and interquartile range of sleep changes and beta coefficientsa (standard error) of continuous changes in sleep parameters by PA level at baseline
| PA at baseline (MET-minutes/ week) | TST change | SOL change | WASO change | Sleep efficiency change | Percentage of TST in N1 change | Percentage of TST in N2 change | Percentage of TST in N3 change | Percentage of TST in REM change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, median (IQR) | 2.3 (−33.5, 46.0) | 2.0 (−3.0, 11.3) | 11.5 (−11.0, 40.7) | −1.9 (−8.5, 4.3) | 1.1 (−2.6, 4.3) | 2.6 (−2.1, 9.6) | −2.5 (−6.6, 0.2) | −1.6 (−5.5, 3.2) |
| PA at baseline, median (IQR) | ||||||||
| <500 | −1.5 (−39.3, 43.0) | 2.5 (−3.5, 14.5) | 8.5 (−14.5, 42.8) | −2.2 (−9.0, 5.3) | 0.3 (−3.4, 3.4) | 2.6 (−3.0, 10.7) | −2.3 (−6.6, 1.6) | −2.2 (−6.4, 3.5) |
| 500 to 1500 | 9.8 (−25.9, 53.5) | 1.5 (−3.3, 8.3) | 13.5 (−9.6 (37.5) | −0.5 (−8.2, 4.5) | 2 (−2.0, 5.0) | 2.5 (−1.5, 10.7) | −2.6 (−6.9, −0.1) | −1.4 (−4.9, 2.6) |
| >1500 | 0.5 (−36.3, 41.3) | 1.8 (−2.5, 9.3) | 16.0 (−9.3, 41.2) | −2.5 (−8.5, 3.2) | 1.2 (−2.3, 4.4) | 2.9 (−2.1, 9.2) | −2.4 (−6.1, 0.1) | −1.2 (−5.1, 3.5) |
| Unadjusted models | ||||||||
| <500 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 500 to 1500 | 0.14 (0.12) | −3.86 (2.51) | 1.40 (5.27) | 0.39 (1.29) | 1.26 (0.78) | 0.41 (1.16) | −1.49 (0.82) | −0.15 (0.82) |
| >1500 | −0.01 (0.12) | −3.22 (2.46) | 6.34 (5.18) | −1.08 (1.26) | 1.18 (0.76) | −0.28 (1.14) | −0.99 (0.81) | 0.07 (0.81) |
| Model 1 | ||||||||
| <500 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 500 to 1500 | 0.16 (0.13) | −3.03 (2.56) | 1.11 (5.39) | 0.41 (1.31) | 1.17 (0.79) | 0.94 (1.14) | −1.76 (0.78)* | −0.34 (0.83) |
| >1500 | 0.01 (0.13) | −2.63 (2.60) | 4.45 (5.48) | −0.66 (1.33) | 1.14 (0.81) | 0.93 (1.15) | −1.66 (0.79)* | −0.42 (0.84) |
| Model 2 | ||||||||
| <500 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 500 to 1500 | 0.24 (0.13) | −1.99 (2.62) | −2.71 (5.49) | 1.26 (1.33) | 1.05 (0.81) | 0.89 (1.17) | −1.83 (0.80)* | −0.11 (0.85) |
| >1500 | 0.12 (0.13) | −0.56 (2.72) | −0.69 (5.71) | 0.29 (1.39) | 0.75 (0.84) | 0.93 (1.21) | −1.82 (0.83)* | 0.13 (0.88) |
N1, N2, N3: sleep stages. Model 1: Adjusted by age (years), sex (male vs. female), educational level (through high school vs. some college), marital status (married vs. not married), current smoker (no vs. yes), alcohol intake (drinks/week), follow-up time (years) and by the difference in time between PA and sleep information (years) at baseline. Model 2: Adjusted by the same variables in Model 1 and by baseline BMI (kg/m2), change in BMI over the follow-up (kg/m2), self-rated health (excellent or very good vs. good, fair or poor), depression (no depression symptoms vs. depression symptoms or current use of antidepressants), baseline apnea-hypopnea index and continuous positive airway pressure use at baseline PSG.
aBeta coefficients (standard error) obtained with mixed-effects models adjusted by the covariates indicated for each model.
*p < 0.05.