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There are many risk factors common to HF and OSA. In addition, HF and OSA are interrelated conditions because HF-associated pathophysiology can lead to OSA and vice versa, as indicated by the broken arrows. HF and OSA lead to metabolic derangement, myocardial remodeling, inflammation and autonomic imbalance. These downstream conditions in turn lead to arrhythmogenesis. Abbreviation: LV – left ventricle.
