Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics for cases and controls as numbers and percentages, presented in total and separated by sex
| All subjects | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Responders | 374 (37.5) | 623 (62.5) | 136 (37.3) | 229 (62.7) | 238 (37.7) | 394 (62.3) |
| Age category (years) | ||||||
| 18–30 | 38 (10.2) | 58 (9.3) | 9 (6.6) | 13 (5.7) | 29 (12.2) | 45 (11.4) |
| 30–40 | 45 (12.0) | 62 (10.0) | 9 (6.6) | 12 (5.2) | 36 (15.1) | 50 (12.7) |
| 40–50 | 85 (22.7) | 137 (22.0) | 21 (15.4) | 32 (14.0) | 64 (26.9) | 105 (26.6) |
| 50–60 | 105 (28.1) | 173 (27.8) | 44 (32.4) | 70 (30.6) | 61 (25.6) | 103 (26.1) |
| 60–70 | 101 (27.0) | 193 (31.0) | 53 (39.0) | 102 (44.5) | 48 (20.2) | 91 (23.1) |
| BMI category | ||||||
| Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 5 (1.4) | 5 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (2.1) | 5 (1.3) |
| Normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) | 206 (56.0) | 261 (43.0) | 63 (47.0) | 73 (32.6) | 143 (61.1) | 188 (49.1) |
| Overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | 102 (27.7) | 230 (37.9) | 48 (35.8) | 110 (49.1) | 54 (23.1) | 120 (31.3) |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 55 (14.9) | 111 (18.3) | 23 (17.2) | 41 (18.3) | 32 (13.7) | 70 (18.3) |
| Tobacco use | ||||||
| Daily cigarette smoking | 33 (8.9) | 49 (7.9) | 9 (6.7) | 19 (8.3) | 24 (10.1) | 30 (7.7) |
| Daily snuff use | 57 (15.4) | 66 (10.7) | 37 (27.4) | 46 (20.3) | 20 (8.5) | 20 (5.2) |
| Any daily tobacco use | 89 (23.8) | 107 (17.2) | 45 (33.1) | 61 (26.6) | 44 (18.5) | 46 (11.7) |
| Area of livelihood | ||||||
| Alpine | 87 (23.3) | 146 (23.4) | 33 (24.3) | 60 (26.2) | 54 (22.7) | 86 (21.8) |
| Inland | 110 (29.4) | 176 (28.3) | 46 (33.8) | 72 (31.4) | 64 (26.9) | 104 (26.4) |
| Coastal | 177 (47.3) | 301 (48.3) | 57 (41.9) | 97 (42.4) | 120 (50.4) | 204 (51.8) |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Armed forces occupations | 2 (0.6) | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) |
| Managers | 9 (2.5) | 22 (3.6) | 6 (4.5) | 7 (3.1) | 3 (1.3) | 15 (3.9) |
| Professionals | 73 (20.2) | 115 (19.0) | 17 (12.9) | 24 (10.7) | 56 (24.5) | 91 (23.9) |
| Technicians and associate professionals | 28 (7.8) | 70 (11.6) | 14 (10.6) | 34 (15.2) | 14 (6.1) | 36 (9.4) |
| Clerical support workers | 40 (11.1) | 47 (7.8) | 10 (7.6) | 12 (5.4) | 30 (13.1) | 35 (9.2) |
| Service and sales workers | 57 (15.8) | 107 (17.7) | 11 (8.3) | 30 (13.4) | 46 (20.1) | 77 (20.2) |
| Skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers | 6 (1.7) | 9 (1.5) | 2 (1.5) | 3 (1.3) | 4 (1.7) | 6 (1.6) |
| Crafts and related trades workers | 17 (4.7) | 26 (4.3) | 14 (10.6) | 19 (8.5) | 3 (1.3) | 7 (1.8) |
| Plant and machine operators and assemblers | 27 (7.5) | 27 (4.5) | 22 (16.7) | 22 (9.8) | 5 (2.2) | 5 (1.3) |
| Elementary occupations | 6 (1.7) | 13 (2.1) | 3 (2.3) | 5 (2.2) | 3 (1.3) | 8 (2.1) |
| Self-employed | 8 (2.2) | 13 (2.1) | 2 (1.5) | 8 (3.6) | 6 (2.6) | 9 (2.4) |
| Students | 11 (3.0) | 16 (2.6) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 10 (4.4) | 16 (4.2) |
| Unemployed | 4 (1.1) | 9 (1.5) | 2 (1.5) | 4 (1.8) | 2 (0.9) | 5 (1.3) |
| Parental leave | 3 (0.8) | 4 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.3) | 4 (1.0) |
| Sick leave | 12 (3.3) | 12 (2.0) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (1.3) | 11 (4.8) | 9 (2.4) |
| Retired | 58 (16.1) | 112 (18.5) | 26 (19.7) | 51 (22.8) | 32 (14.0) | 61 (16.0) |
BMI body mass index