Table 2.

Comparison of the range of motion in the shoulder joint, limb circumferences at various levels, and other undesirable effects of surgery observed in the upper limbs on the affected and the healthy side

Time point		1 day before surgery	1 day after surgery	1 month after surgery	3 months after surgery	6 months after surgery	Value of calculated probability
Examined parameters
Movement in the shoulder joint (degrees)
Flexion	KO	90.0	83.3	86.9	87.1	87.3	NS
	KZ	90.0	89.7	90.0	90.0	89.5	NS
Extension	KO	37.7	33.1	34.4	35.1	35.5	p ≤ 0.01
	KZ	37.7	37.6	37.7	37.8	37.8	NS
External rotation	KO	77.8	63.7	70.0	71.5	72.9	p ≤ 0.01
	KZ	78.8	78.5	78.8	79.0	79.1	NS
Internal rotation	KO	74.1	68.0	67.4	68.9	69.3	p ≤ 0.01
	KZ	72.8	72.9	72.7	73.0	72.9	NS
Abduction	KO	89.7	82.4	86.7	87.4	87.8	p ≤ 0.01
	KZ	89.9	89.9	89.9	89.9	89.0	NS
Measurements of upper limb circumference (cm)
Circumference 1	KO	28.3	28.4	28.7	28.8	28.9	p < 0,001
	KZ	28.2	28.2	28.2	28.4	28.4	NS
Circumference 2	KO	23.6	23.9	23.9	24.0	24.1	p = 0.0000
	KZ	23.78	23.74	23.73	23.71	23.65	NS
Circumference 3	KO	18.9	19.0	19.1	19.2	19.2	p ≤ 0.014
	KZ	19.0	19.0	18.9	18.9	19.0	NS
Other undesirable sequelae
Winged scapula sign (number of patients)	KO	0	4	3	3	3
	KZ	0	0	0	0	0
Sensory abnormalities (number of patients)	KO	0	36	41	40	38
	KZ	0	0	0	0	0
Pain assessment (1–10)		0.4	3.2	2.1	1.5	1.2	p ≤ 0.01

KO – upper limb on the operated side; KZ – upper limb contralateral to the operated one; NS – statistically insignificant; p – value of calculated probability; Circumference 1 – 10 cm above the lateral epicondyle of humerus; Circumference 2–10 cm below the lateral epicondyle of humerus; Circumference 3 – mid-metacarpal region without the thumb; p-value from paired Student’s t-test