Table 4.
Model fit indexes of measurement models and structural models (N = 2023)
| Model | Description | x 2 | df | CFI | NFI | TLI | RMSEA | Model comparisons | Δx 2 | Δdf | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MM1 | IA Time 1 | 144.09 | 33 | .97 | .96 | .96 | .04 | – | – | – | – |
| MM2 | LS Time 1 | 6.2 | 4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .02 | – | – | – | – |
| MM3 | HL Time 1 | 1.4 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .00 | – | – | – | – |
| MM4 | IA Time 2 | 154.59 | 33 | .97 | .96 | .96 | .04 | ||||
| MM5 | LS Time 2 | 18.2 | 4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .99 | .04 | ||||
| MM6 | HL Time 2 | 4.7 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .02 | ||||
| MM7 | IA Time 3 | 179.72 | 33 | .97 | .96 | .95 | .05 | – | – | – | – |
| MM8 | LS Time 3 | 7.6 | 4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .02 | – | – | – | – |
| MM9 | HL Time 3 | 11.5 | 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .99 | .04 | – | – | – | – |
| M1 | Stability model | 4304.64 | 1794 | .95 | .92 | .95 | .03 | – | – | – | – |
| M2 | Causal model | 4295.73 | 1790 | .95 | .92 | .95 | .03 | M1 vs. M2 | 8.91 | 4 | .06 |
| M3 | Reversed causal model | 4210.90 | 1790 | .96 | .93 | .95 | .03 | M1 vs. M3 | 93.74 | 4 | .00 |
| M4 | Reciprocal model | 4202.33 | 1786 | .96 | .93 | .95 | .03 | M1 vs. M4 | 102.31 | 4 | .00 |
| M2 vs. M4 | 93.40 | 4 | .00 | ||||||||
| M3 vs. M4 | 8.57 | 4 | .07 |
MM Measurement model (e.g., MM1 Measurement model 1)