Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and clinical assessments
| Subjects’ characteristics | Stroke subjects N = 15 |
Healthy subjects N = 10 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, male/female | 12/3 | 6/4 | 0.29 |
| Age in years (mean, sd) | 57.1 (10.0) | 57.9 (7.1) | 0.82 |
| Weight in kilograms (mean, sd) | 86.1 (21.1) | 78.2 (9.24) | 0.41 |
| Height in meters (mean, sd) | 1.78 (0.10) | 1.78 (0.73) | 0.84 |
| Time since stroke in months (mean, sd) | 107.8 (143.6) | – | – |
| Affected hemisphere, right/left | 9/6 | – | – |
| Cortical/sub-cortical stroke | 13/2 | ||
| Bamford classification, LACI/PACI/TACI/unknown | 7/4/2/2 | – | – |
| Type of stroke, ischemic/hemorrhagic | 11/4 | – | – |
| CIRS, range 0–52 (median, iqr) | 5 (4–6) | – | – |
| HADS, range 0–42 (median, iqr) | 4 (3–10) | 3.5 (0.75–5.25) | 0.30 |
| BBS, range 0–56 (median, iqr) | 50 (48–53) | 56 (56–56) | < 0.01 |
| TUG in seconds (mean, sd) | 14.3 (7.9) | 6.1 (0.99) | < 0.01 |
| EmNSA-LE, range 0–40 (median, iqr) | 38 (34–39) | 39 (39–40) | 0.02 |
| Falls past 6 months (median, iqr) | 1 (0–2) | 0.5 (0–1) | 0.39 |
| FES, range 7–28(median, iqr) | 10 (8–12) | – | – |
| FM-LE, range 0–34 (median, iqr) | 25 (22–30) | – | – |
| MI-LE, range 0–100 (median, iqr) | 69 (58–83) | – | – |
| MI-UE, range 0–100 (median, iqr) | 84 (76–93.75) | – | – |
| Spatial neglect, yes/no | 5/10 | – | – |
Overview of baseline characteristics and clinical assessments measured in the first session for 15 the patients and 10 healthy subjects. Mean per group are given as well as the standard deviation (sd) or the median and inter quartile ranges (iqr) in case of ordinal scales and the frequencies in case of nominal data. Deviation in cortical and sub-cortical lesions are made base on the main classification made by a clinician directly after stroke
TACI total anterior circulation infarct, PACI partial anterior circulation infarct, LACI lacunar anterior circulation infarct, CIRS Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, BBS Berg Balance Scale, TUG Timed Up and Go, EmNSA-LE Erasmus modification of the Nottingham Sensory Assessment Lower Extremity, FES Fall Efficacy Scale, FM-LE Fugl–Meyer assessment lower extremity, MI-LE Motricity Index of the Lower Extremity, MI-UE Motricity Index of the Upper Extremity, N number per group