Table 3.
Differences in characteristics and clinical assessments between responders and non-responders
| Subject characteristics | Responders N = 10 |
Non-responders N = 5 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years (mean, sd) | 54.4 (± 8.88) | 62.4 (± 10.94) | 0.15 |
| Time since stroke in months (mean, sd) | 76.9 (± 86.2) | 169.8 (± 219.8) | 0.25 |
| Affected hemisphere, right/left | 5/5 | 4/1 | 0.18 |
| Bamford classification, LACI/PACI/TACI/unknown | 4/3/1/2 | 3/1/1/0 | 0.23 |
| Type of stroke, ischemic/hemorrhagic | 9/1 | 2/3 | 0.07 |
| CIRS, range 0–52 (median, iqr) | 5 (3.75–6.25) | 5 (3.5–7) | 1.00 |
| HADS, range 0–42 (median, iqr) | 4 (3–10.25) | 5 (1.5–8) | 0.85 |
| BBS, range 0–56 (median, iqr) | 50 (48.75–52.25) | 52 (43–53.5) | 0.76 |
| TUG in seconds (mean, sd) | 11 (8.75–17) | 15 (8–20.5) | 0.67 |
| EmNSA-LE, range 0–40 (median, iqr) | 38 (35.5–39.25) | 37 (30.5–39) | 0.46 |
| FES, range 7–28 (median, iqr) | 10 (7.75–12.5) | 11 (7.5–14) | 0.95 |
| Falls past 6 months (median, iqr) | 1 (0–1.5) | 2 (0–2) | 0.70 |
| MI-LE, range 0–100 (median, iqr) | 26 (22.75–30.25) | 24 (13–28) | 0.30 |
| MI-UE, range 0–100 (median, iqr) | 70.5 (62.5–85) | 59 (45.5–72) | 0.16 |
| Spatial neglect, yes/no | 3/7 | 2/3 | 0.20 |
| Fatigue VAS, range 0–100 (median, iqr) | 2.2 (± 3.2) | 1.6 (± 1.2) | 0.70 |
| CoP pre_comp_EO (mean z-score, sd) | − 0.43 (± 0.56) | − 0.79 (± 0.28) | 0.20 |
| CoP pre_comp_EC (mean z-score, sd) | 0.04 (± 0.61) | − 0.15 (± 0.74) | 0.63 |
| CoP pre_comp_tandem (mean z-score, sd) | 0.83 (± 1.23) | 0.32 (± 0.52) | 0.39 |
Overview of characteristics and clinical assessments measured in the first session for 10 responders and 5 non-responders on the contra-lesional cb_tDCS. The assessment range is given in case of ordinal scales. Mean per group are given as well as the standard deviation (sd) or the median and interquartile ranges (iqr) in case of ordinal scales and the frequencies in case of nominal data
TACI total anterior circulation infarct, PACI partial anterior circulation infarct, LACI lacunar anterior circulation infarct, CIRS Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, BBS Berg Balance Scale, TUG Timed Up and Go, EmNSA-LE Erasmus modification of the Nottingham Sensory Assessment Lower Extremity, FES Fall Efficacy Scale, FM-LE Fugl–Meyer assessment lower extremity, MI-LE Motricity Index of the Lower Extremity, VAS visual analog scale, CoP pre_comp first measured session of the center of pressure composite score for eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC), and the tandem stance (tandem) position, z-score standardized score, N number per group