Table 2.
Results from the linear mixed models (LMMs)
| Outcome | Predictor | Step 1 LMM (only main effects) | Step 2 LMM (including interaction effects) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (B) | df a | t value | p value | Coefficient (B) | df a | t value | p value | ||
| GPA | School climate | − .18 | 6.57 | − 2.11 | .075 | − .05 | 3.06 | − .53 | .631 |
| Ethnicity (Roman) | − 1.08* | 2.87 | − 6.14 | .010 | − 1.03** | 2.81 | − 8.56 | .004 | |
| SES | .29*** | 19.61 | 5.35 | < .001 | .46*** | 10.51 | 5.63 | < .001 | |
| School climate × ethnicity | – | − .21* | 135.30 | − 2.03 | .044 | ||||
| SES × ethnicity | – | − .31** | 173.85 | − 2.92 | .004 | ||||
| Y-EA | School climate | − .03 | 3.93 | − .38 | .756 | .03 | 5.90 | .43 | .683 |
| Ethnicity (Roman) | − .50 | 2.24 | − 2.89 | .089 | − .61* | 2.96 | − 4.69 | .019 | |
| SES | .16 | 2.27 | 1.93 | .178 | .24** | 21.65 | 2.85 | .009 | |
| School climate × ethnicity | – | − .35** | 9.92 | − 3.21 | .009 | ||||
| SES × ethnicity | – | − .04 | 48.72 | − .34 | .734 | ||||
| P-EA | School climate | .03 | 3.92 | .47 | .661 | .09 | 4.72 | 1.22 | .282 |
| Ethnicity (Roman) | − .44 | 1.58 | − 3.52 | .100 | − .43 | 1.50 | − 3.72 | .099 | |
| SES | .25 | 1.75 | 2.49 | .148 | .28* | 4.81 | 3.87 | .013 | |
| School climate × ethnicity | – | − .11 | 76.50 | − 1.24 | .220 | ||||
| SES × ethnicity | – | .01 | 1.36 | .07 | .955 | ||||
aEffective degrees of freedom (df) estimated using the Satterthwaite approximations
GPA grade point average, Y-EA youth-reported educational aspirations, P-EA parent-reported educational aspirations, LMM linear mixed model
*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001