Table 2.
Organism (n) | Antimicrobial agent | MIC determination | EUCAST MIC interpretation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC50 (mg/L) | MIC90 (mg/L) | MIC range (mg/L) | Percentage susceptible | Percentage resistant | ||
All (650) | Ceftobiprole | 1 | 2 | 0.015–4 | 100a | 0.0a |
Oxacillin | 16 | > 128 | ≤ 0.03–> 128 | 27.5 | 72.5 | |
Ciprofloxacin | 2 | 64 | 0.06–> 128 | 49.5 | 50.5 | |
Clindamycin | 0.125 | > 128 | ≤ 0.03–> 128 | 74.9 | 25.1 | |
Erythromycin | 64 | > 128 | 0.125–> 128 | 31.8 | 68.2 | |
Teicoplanin | 4 | 8 | 0.25–> 16 | 79.1 | 20.9 | |
Vancomycin | 2 | 4 | 0.5–8 | 99.8 | 0.2 | |
S. capitis (47) | Ceftobiprole | 0.125 | 1 | 0.015–2 | 100a | 0.0a |
Oxacillin | 0.25 | > 128 | 0.06–> 128 | 53.2 | 46.8 | |
Ciprofloxacin | 0.25 | 4 | 0.125–8 | 89.4 | 10.6 | |
Clindamycin | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.06–> 128 | 95.7 | 4.3 | |
Erythromycin | 0.5 | > 128 | 0.125–> 128 | 70.2 | 29.8 | |
Teicoplanin | 1 | 8 | 0.5–> 16 | 89.4 | 10.6 | |
Vancomycin | 2 | 2 | 1–8 | 97.9 | 2.1 | |
S. epidermidis (411) | Ceftobiprole | 1 | 2 | 0.06–4 | 100a | 0.0a |
Oxacillin | 8 | 128 | ≤ 0.03–> 128 | 24.6 | 75.4 | |
Ciprofloxacin | 4 | 64 | 0.125–128 | 40.4 | 59.6 | |
Clindamycin | 0.125 | > 128 | 0.06–> 128 | 68.6 | 29.0 | |
Erythromycin | 64 | > 128 | 0.125–> 128 | 28.7 | 71.3 | |
Teicoplanin | 4 | 8 | 0.5–16 | 73.2 | 26.8 | |
Vancomycin | 2 | 4 | 1–4 | 100 | 0.0 | |
Oxacillin-susceptible S. epidermidis (101) | Ceftobiprole | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.06–0.25 | 100a | 0.0a |
Ciprofloxacin | 0.25 | 8 | 0.125–128 | 88.1 | 11.9 | |
Clindamycin | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.06–> 128 | 92.1 | 7.9 | |
Erythromycin | 0.5 | > 128 | 0.125–> 128 | 52.5 | 47.5 | |
Teicoplanin | 4 | 8 | 0.5–16 | 88.1 | 11.9 | |
Vancomycin | 2 | 2 | 1–4 | 100 | 0.0 | |
Oxacillin-resistant S. epidermidis (310) | Ceftobiprole | 1 | 2 | 0.125–4 | 100a | 0.0a |
Ciprofloxacin | 8 | 64 | 0.125–128 | 24.8 | 75.2 | |
Clindamycin | 0.125 | > 128 | 0.06–> 128 | 61.0 | 35.8 | |
Erythromycin | > 128 | > 128 | 0.125–> 128 | 21.0 | 79.0 | |
Teicoplanin | 4 | 8 | 1–16 | 68.4 | 31.6 | |
Vancomycin | 2 | 4 | 1–4 | 100 | 0.0 | |
S. haemolyticus (64) | Ceftobiprole | 4 | 4 | 0.125–4 | 100a | 0.0a |
Oxacillin | > 128 | > 128 | 0.125–> 128 | 3.1 | 96.9 | |
Ciprofloxacin | 16 | 128 | 0.125–> 128 | 23.4 | 76.6 | |
Clindamycin | 0.125 | > 128 | 0.06–> 128 | 73.4 | 26.6 | |
Erythromycin | > 128 | > 128 | 0.25–> 128 | 3.1 | 96.9 | |
Teicoplanin | 4 | 8 | 1–> 16 | 78.1 | 21.9 | |
Vancomycin | 2 | 4 | 1–4 | 100 | 0.0 | |
S. hominis (82) | Ceftobiprole | 1 | 2 | 0.06–4 | 100a | 0.0a |
Oxacillin | 8 | 128 | 0.06–> 128 | 35.4 | 64.6 | |
Ciprofloxacin | 0.25 | 64 | 0.06–> 128 | 69.5 | 30.5 | |
Clindamycin | 0.125 | > 128 | 0.06–> 128 | 85.4 | 13.4 | |
Erythromycin | > 128 | > 128 | 0.25–> 128 | 24.4 | 75.6 | |
Teicoplanin | 0.5 | 4 | 0.25–8 | 91.5 | 8.5 | |
Vancomycin | 1 | 2 | 0.5–4 | 100 | 0.0 | |
S. lugdunensis (10) | Ceftobiprole | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25–2 | 100a | 0.0a |
Oxacillin | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25–128 | 90.0 | 10.0 | |
Ciprofloxacin | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.125–2 | 90.0 | 10.0 | |
Clindamycin | 0.06 | 0.125 | 0.06–0.125 | 100 | 0.0 | |
Erythromycin | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.125–> 128 | 90.0 | 10.0 | |
Teicoplanin | 1 | 1 | 1–1 | 100 | 0.0 | |
Vancomycin | 1 | 1 | 1–2 | 100 | 0.0 | |
S. warneri (20) | Ceftobiprole | 0.5 | 1 | 0.125–2 | 100a | 0.0a |
Oxacillin | 64 | > 128 | 0.125–> 128 | 30.0 | 70.0 | |
Ciprofloxacin | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25–64 | 95.0 | 5.0 | |
Clindamycin | 0.06 | 0.125 | 0.06–> 128 | 95.0 | 5.0 | |
Erythromycin | 0.25 | > 128 | 0.125–> 128 | 70.0 | 30.0 | |
Teicoplanin | 2 | 4 | 1–4 | 100 | 0.0 | |
Vancomycin | 2 | 2 | 1–4 | 100 | 0.0 | |
Other species (16)b | Ceftobiprole | 0.5 | 2 | 0.06–4 | 100a | 0.0a |
Oxacillin | 0.5 | > 128 | ≤ 0.03–> 128 | 43.8 | 56.2 | |
Ciprofloxacin | 0.25 | 4 | 0.125–8 | 87.5 | 12.5 | |
Clindamycin | 0.125 | 0.5 | ≤ 0.03–> 128 | 87.5 | 6.3 | |
Erythromycin | 0.25 | > 128 | 0.125–> 128 | 68.8 | 31.3 | |
Teicoplanin | 2 | 4 | 0.5–4 | 100 | 0.0 | |
Vancomycin | 2 | 2 | 1–2 | 100 | 0.0 |
aThe non-species-specific PK/PD breakpoint was used to determine ceftobiprole resistance
bOrganisms included Staphylococcus cohnii (1), Staphylococcus pasteuri (3), Staphylococcus pettenkoferi (6), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (1), Staphylococcus simulans (4) and unspeciated Staphylococcus (1)
CoNS coagulase-negative staphylococci, EUCAST the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, MIC minimum inhibitory concentration