Table 3.
Characteristics of clinical studies on neurodevelopmental outcome after intrauterine exposure to lithium
| Author (year) | Study design | Sample size | Lithium daily dosage | Treatment indication | Follow-up time | Measurements | Results | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schou (1976) [36] | Prospective cohort study | Exposed = 60 Controls = 57 |
n.r. | n.r. | Mean: 7 years | Developmental questionnairea | No difference in rate of abnormal development | 7 |
| Jacobson (1992) [37] | Prospective cohort study | Exposed = 22 Controls = n.r. |
Mean: 927 mg | Major affective disorders | Mean: 61 weeks, range: 1-9 years | Telephone interview on the attainment of developmental milestones | No difference | 3 |
| vd Lugt (2012) [38] | Cohort study | Exposed = 15 No controls |
n.r. | Bipolar disorder | 3–15 years | Development questionnairea IQ by BSID or WPPSI/WISC Hempel or Touwen neurological examination Child Behavior Checklist* |
MND (n = 1). Low V–IQ + T–IQ normal P–IQ (n = 1) Subclinical anxiety problems (n = 2). Subclinical oppositional problems (n = 1) |
6 |
n.r. not reported, BSID Bayley Scale of Infant Development, WPPSI Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, WISC Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, MND minor neurologic dysfunction; NOS: Newcastle–Ottawa Scale
aparent report