Table 4.
Random Effects Regression Results: Father-Mother Interaction among Nonresident Fathers over Years 1–9 after a Nonmarital Birth
| Shared Responsibility for Child (range=1–4) | Coparenting (range=1–3) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
|
|
||||||||
| β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | |
|
|
||||||||
| Race (ref=Black, Non-Hispanic) | ||||||||
| White, Non-Hispanic | −.209*** | (.055) | −.161*** | (.044) | −.198*** | (.043) | −.184*** | (.037) |
| Hispanic | −.182*** | (.037) | −.138*** | (.032) | −.112*** | (.030) | −.122*** | (.028) |
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||||||
| Mixed-race couple | .005 | (.035) | −.046 | (.030) | ||||
| Father foreign-born | −.101† | (.052) | −.030 | (.041) | ||||
| Father age at baby's birth | .001 | (.002) | .002 | (.002) | ||||
| Mother age at baby's birth | −.010 | (.003) | .005† | (.002) | ||||
| Father lived with both parents at age 15 | −.017 | (.032) | .022 | (.024) | ||||
| Mother lived with both parents at age 15 | .024 | (.026) | −.021 | (.022) | ||||
| Baby is a boy | .008 | (.024) | −.018 | (.020) | ||||
| Socioeconomic Characteristics | ||||||||
| Father Education (ref=Less than HS) | ||||||||
| Dad HS degree | −.030 | (.032) | −.018 | (.030) | ||||
| Dad some college | −.090 | (.042) | −.045 | (.035) | ||||
| Dad college or above | −.096 | (.085) | −.071 | (.085) | ||||
| Dad more educated than mother | .034 | (.032) | .046 | (.028) | ||||
| Father's hours worked1 | −.009 | (.001) | .000 | (.000) | ||||
| Father's annual earnings ($ 2008) ($1000s)1 | .000 | (.001) | −.001 | (.001) | ||||
| Father provided any support to child1 | .459*** | (.024) | .285*** | (.019) | ||||
| Social/Psychological Characteristics | ||||||||
| Attitudes toward fathering | .014 | (.028) | .002 | (.025) | ||||
| Father traditional gender roles | −.012 | (.020) | .018 | (.017) | ||||
| Mother traditional gender roles | .020 | (.021) | .031† | (.018) | ||||
| Father's religious attendance | −.002 | (.011) | −.001 | (.008) | ||||
| Father currently incarcerated | −.207*** | (.034) | .030 | (.030) | ||||
| Father's impulsivity | .030 | (.024) | −.016 | (.018) | ||||
| Father's health1 | .001 | (.014) | −.004 | (.009) | ||||
| Mother's health1 | .016 | (.010) | .030*** | (.008) | ||||
| Father depression1 | −.118*** | (.035) | −.059† | (.031) | ||||
| Mother depression1 | −.088** | (.033) | −.113*** | (.027) | ||||
| Father has substance problem | −.019 | (.048) | −.070 | (.044) | ||||
| Mother has substance problem | .041 | (.071) | .045 | (.059) | ||||
| Father is physically violent towards mother | −.071 | (.051) | −.119* | (.046) | ||||
| Relationship Status Characteristics | ||||||||
| Father supportiveness towards mother | .135*** | (.039) | .072* | (.033) | ||||
| Relationship status (ref = Friends/no relationship) | ||||||||
| Cohabiting | .107** | (.039) | .049 | (.034) | ||||
| Visting | .149*** | (.035) | .069* | (.031) | ||||
| Biological parity (# kids w/ bio dad)1 | .019 | (.013) | .002 | (.011) | ||||
| Mom says dad has kid(s) by someone else1 | −.165*** | (.025) | −.105*** | (.019) | ||||
| Grandmother live with focal child1 | −.075** | (.028) | −.037† | (.021) | ||||
| Father has new partner1 | −.209*** | (.029) | −.076*** | (.021) | ||||
| Presence of social father1 | −.265*** | (.022) | −.151*** | (.018) | ||||
| Time since end of relationship (months)1 | −.000 | (.001) | −.001** | (.000) | ||||
| Relationship quality | −.162*** | (.012) | −.136*** | (.009) | ||||
| Wave | −.137*** | (.003) | −.118*** | (.006) | −.030*** | (.003) | −.010* | (.004) |
| Observations | 2,425 | 2,425 | 2,146 | 2,146 | ||||
| Person-Period Observations | 6,453 | 6,453 | 4,786 | 4,786 | ||||
†
p<.10
*
p<.05
**
p< .01
***
p<.001
1
Time-varying characteristics.