Fig. 2.

Case presentations. ( A ) A 25-year-old man with a nasal cavity primary rhabdomyosarcoma. The tumor invaded the dura mater. He underwent four cycles of VAC chemotherapy and achieved a clinical complete response. A conservative resection was performed in this case. ( B ) A 25-year-old man with an ethmoid sinus primary rhabdomyosarcoma. He underwent four cycles of VAC chemotherapy, and the tumor response revealed a stable disease. A radical resection with craniotomy was performed in this case. ( C ) A 21-year-old woman with a nasopharynx primary rhabdomyosarcoma. The tumor invaded the infratemporal fossa; however, computed tomography images reported absence of cranial base bony erosion. She underwent four cycles of VAC chemotherapy, and the tumor response was partial. A radical resection without craniotomy by the mandibular swing approach was performed in this case.