Table 2.
Surgical Interventions and Postoperative Outcomes
| Entire Cohort (n=61) | Hepatocellular Carcinoma(n=34) | Cholangiocarcinoma (n=16) | Gallbladder Cancer (n=11) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatic Resection, n, (%) | ||||
| Non-anatomic resection | 24 (39.3) | 16 (47.1) | 8 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Left lateral segmentectomy | 9 (14.8) | 6 (17.6) | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Left lobectomy | 8 (13.1) | 5 (14.7) | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Right lobectomy | 8 (13.1) | 6(17.6) | 2 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Right posterior segmentectomy | 1 (1.6) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Central liver resection | 11 (18.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (100) |
| Operative time, minute, median, (range) | 240 (99-790) | 246 (114-790) | 265 (99-652) | 219 (99-790) |
| Concomitant procedure during the index operation, n, (%) | 29 (47.5) | 13 (38.2) | 8 (50) | 8 (72.7) |
| Radiofrequency ablation | 6 (9.8) | 3 (8.8) | 2 (12.5) | 1 (9.1) |
| Cholecystectomy | 16 (26.2) | 10 (29.4) | 6 (37.5) | n.a. |
| Lymphadenectomy | 16 (26.2) | 4 (11.7) | 5 (31.2) | 7 (63.6) |
| Lysis of adhesions | 4 (6.5) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (27.2) |
| Bile Duct Excision | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other * | 4 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (12.5) | 2 (18.2) |
| Conversion to open surgery, n, (%) | 7 (11.5) | 3 (8.8) | 4 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Estimated blood loss in ml, median, (range) | 100 (2-2200) | 125 (10-2200) | 250 (10-1200) | 50 (10-200) |
| Admission to the intensive care unit, n, (%) | 25 (41) | 19 (55.8) | 4 (25) | 2 (18.2) |
| Hospital stay, days, median, (range) | 5 (2-91) | 4 (2-91) | 5 (2-36) | 4(2-9) |
| Patients requiring blood transfusion, n, (%) | 2 (3.3) | 2 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Perioperative morbidity, n, (%) | 23 (37.7) | 12 (35.2) | 7 (43.8) | 4 (36.4) |
| Clavien-Dindo Grade 1 | 7 (11.5) | 4 (11.7) | 2 (12.5) | 1 (9.1) |
| Clavien-Dindo Grade 2 | 9 (14.8) | 3 (8.8) | 2 (12.5) | 2 (18.2) |
| Clavien-Dindo Grade 3A or 3B | 4 (6.5) | 2 (5.9) | 2 (12.5) | 1 (9.1) |
| Clavien-Dindo Grade 4A or 4B | 3 (4.9) | 3 (8.8) | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Type of Complication | ||||
| Intra-abdominal | 5 (8.2) | 3 (8.8) | 2 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Pulmonary | 11 (18.0) | 4 (11.7) | 3 (18.8) | 3 (27.2) |
| Cardiovascular | 1 (1.6) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Infectious | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Liver failure | 1 (1.6) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other ** | 4 (6.5) | 3 (8.8) | 1 (6.3) | 1 (9.1) |
| Perioperative mortality, n, (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Legend: Non-anatomic resection= wedge or segmentectomy
*
Other concomitant procedures include: Intraoperative ultrasound, hepatic arterial infusion catheter, resection of peritoneal mass, partial omentectomy. Intra-abdominal complications include: Ileus, biloma, re-opening of laparotomy, hepatic abscess. Pulmonary complications include: atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolus, respiratory insufficiency, pulmonary edema. Cardiovascular complications include: arrhythmias. Infectious complications include: Clostridium defficile, urinary tract infection
**
Other perioperative complications include: acute thalamic infarct, decubitus ulcer, rectus sheath hematoma, reopening of recent laparotomy