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. 2018 Sep 11;8:13572. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31855-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of photoperiod and seasonal fruit supplementation on hypothalamic neuropeptides regulated by leptin in obese animals. Hypothalamic gene expression of neuropeptides was evaluated by qPCR on animals fed cafeteria diet (CD) + vehicle or 100 mg/kg of lyophilized grapes (A) or cherries (B) for a 7-week-period and submitted to long-day (LD) or short-day (SD) light cycle. Values were normalized against LD-Control group. Data represent mean ± SE (n = 6). P, photoperiod effect; F, fruit effect; F*P, interaction of photoperiod and fruit treatment assessed by two-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). Different letters denote significant changes assessed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (P < 0.05). *Effect of photoperiod in fruit-treated groups; ^#Effect of fruit in photoperiod groups determined by Student’s t test (P < 0.05).