. 2018 Sep 11;8:13572. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31855-y

Table 2.

Effect of photoperiod and fruit consumption on body weight gain, fat mass, cumulative food intake, energy expenditure, energy balance and respiratory quotient in obese animals.

	Photoperiod	Control	Grape	ANOVA^b	Cherry	ANOVA^b
Body weight gain (g)	LD	113.31 ± 5.4	128.36 ± 4.3	ns	121.09 ± 3.2	ns
Body weight gain (g)	SD	116.74 ± 6.6	117.39 ± 4.3	ns	119.70 ± 5.9	ns
Fat mass (g)	LD	89.51 ± 3.80	96.49 ± 2.90	ns	86.56 ± 2.23	ns
Fat mass (g)	SD	85.84 ± 3.27	87.29 ± 5.48	ns	88.29 ± 5.31	ns
Fat mass (%)	LD	22.03 ± 0.6	22.57 ± 0.6	ns	21.70 ± 0.7	ns
Fat mass (%)	SD	21.53 ± 0.8	21.10 ± 1.3	ns	21.82 ± 1.0	ns
Cumulative food intake (MJ)	LD	5.79 ± 0.2	5.72 ± 0.2	P	5.13 ± 0.2	F
Cumulative food intake (MJ)	SD	5.43 ± 0.2	5.20 ± 0.1	P	5.01 ± 0.1	F
24 h energy expenditure (MJ/Kg^0.75)	LD	0.23 ± 0.01	0.23 ± 0.01	ns	0.22 ± 0.01	ns
24 h energy expenditure (MJ/Kg^0.75)	SD	0.23 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.00	ns	0.23 ± 0.01	ns
24 h energy balance^a (MJ)	LD	0.83 ± 0.1	0.79 ± 0.0	P	0.40 ± 0.1*	F, FP*
24 h energy balance^a (MJ)	SD	0.60 ± 0.1	0.46 ± 0.1	P	0.55 ± 0.1	F, FP*
24 h RQ	LD	0.78 ± 0.0	0.78 ± 0.0	P	0.79 ± 0.0	FP*
24 h RQ	SD	0.81 ± 0.0	0.80 ± 0.0	P	0.78 ± 0.0*	FP*

LD, long day; ns, non-significant; RQ, respiratory quotient; SD, short day. Values are presented as the mean ± SEM of ten animals per group. ^aEnergy balance was estimated by difference between energy intake and energy expenditure. ^bDenotes two-way ANOVA analysis: P, photoperiod effect; F, fruit effect; F*P, interaction effect of photoperiod and fruit treatment (P ≤ 0.05). *Effect of fruit on photoperiod group determined by Student’s t test (P ≤ 0.05).