Table 1.
Description of the participants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the typically developing (TD) participants in this study.
| Background variables | ASD (N = 46) | TD (N = 42) | Group differences (general linear model ANOVA analyses) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (boys:girls) | 39:7 | 34:8 | n.s. |
| Chronological age (year; month) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 9;4 (2;2) | 9;2 (2;0) | n.s. |
| Range | 6;0–12;5 | 6;2–12;7 | |
| Clinical diagnosis of ASD subtype according to DSM-IV criteria (N) | |||
| Autistic disorder | 4 | 0 | – |
| Asperger’s disorder | 2 | 0 | – |
| PDD-NOSa | 40 | 0 | – |
| Number of participants meeting ASD2 criteriab on | |||
| ADOS and ADI | 33 | 0 | – |
| ADOS only | 10 | 1 (excluded)e | – |
| ADI only | 3 | 0 | – |
| Neither ADOS nor ADI | 2 (excluded)e | 42 | – |
| Estimated IQ (WISC)c | |||
| Mean (SD) | 99.87 (16.92) | 113.21 (13.86) | TD > ASD∗∗∗ |
| Range | 66.65–145.48 | 72.71–145.48 | |
| Verbal ability score (PPVT)d | |||
| Mean (SD) | 104.48 (13.9) | 113.62 (11.53) | TD > ASD∗∗ |
| Range | 77–139 | 87–138 |
aPDD-NOS: pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified; bThe ASD2 criteria of Risi et al. (2006) are: “a child meets criteria on Social and Communication domains or meets criteria on Social and within two points of Communication criteria or meets criteria on Communication and within two points of Social criteria or within one point on both Social and Communication domains” (Risi et al., 2006; p. 1100); cEstimated IQ of two subtests of the Dutch version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III-NL; Kort et al., 2002); dNormed verbal ability score from the Dutch version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III-NL; eExcluded from the group descriptives in this table as well as from the analyses; Schlichting, 2005); ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001.