Fig. 3.

PKN1 rs34309238 variant influences pancreatic cancer cells' proliferation. a, b Overexpression of PKN1[A] substantially enhanced the rate of cell proliferation in PANC-1 (a) and BxPC-3 (b) cells. Cells were seeded in 96-well plates after transfection with PKN1[A], PKN1[C] or control vector. c, d Knockdown of PKN1 significantly reduced the proliferation of PANC-1 (c) and BxPC-3 (d) cells. Cells were seeded in 96-well plates after transfection with PKN1-targeting siRNAs or control siRNA (siControl). e, f PKN1 inhibitors significantly reduced the rate of cell proliferation in PANC-1 (e) and BxPC-3 (f) cells. Cells were seeded in 96-well plates after transfection with PKN1 inhibitors Lestaurtinib and Ro318220 or DMSO as control. For a–f, cell numbers were determined every 24 h for 96 h using CCK-8 assays and the results present means ± s.e.m. from three independent experiments and each had six replications. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with the control by two-sided unpaired Student’s t test