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. 2018 Sep 11;8:13641. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31804-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Scheme of the model: Insulin secretion requires the presence of both glucose and the proteins involved in its exocytosis (here represented by EXO protein). The expression of the latter is controlled by the β cell clock (mainly via BMAL1). This local clock comprises transcriptional-translational feedback loops shown in the left box and is entrained by both SCN-driven cues and nutrient cues (here represented by glucose).