Table 3.
ANCOVA analyses.
| Response | Predictor | SS | Df | F | Pr (>F) | Partial eta2 | Cohen’s d† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM | Age | 15.40 | 1 | 2.42 | 0.123 | 0.02 | 0.50 |
| Education | 13.81 | 1 | 2.17 | 0.143 | 0.02 | ||
| Group | 50.42 | 1 | 7.91 | 0.006 | **0.06 | ||
| Residuals | 802.78 | 126 | |||||
| FAS | Age | 21.39 | 1 | 0.19 | 0.660 | 0.00 | 0.28 |
| Education | 1321.87 | 1 | 12.00 | <0.001 | ***0.08 | ||
| Group | 293.70 | 1 | 2.67 | 0.105 | 0.02 | ||
| Residuals | 14544.48 | 132 | |||||
| TMT B-A | Age | 1.85 | 1 | 4.70 | 0.032 | *0.04 | 0.24 |
| Education | 3.70 | 1 | 9.38 | 0.003 | **0.07 | ||
| Group | 0.72 | 1 | 1.83 | 0.179 | 0.01 | ||
| Residuals | 47.70 | 121 | |||||
| DSf | Age | 1.23 | 1 | 5.97 | 0.016 | *0.04 | 0.07 |
| Education | 3.55 | 1 | 17.19 | <0.001 | ***0.12 | ||
| Group | 0.03 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.715 | <0.01 | ||
| Residuals | 27.23 | 132 | |||||
| DSb | Age | 0.60 | 1 | 2.50 | 0.117 | 0.02 | 0.34 |
| Education | 2.39 | 1 | 9.94 | 0.002 | **0.08 | ||
| Group | 0.84 | 1 | 3.50 | 0.064 | 0.03 | ||
| Residuals | 26.96 | 112 |
†Computed on adjusted scores; Significance levels: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
PM: Prose Memory test; FAS: phonemic fluency test; TMT B-A: trial making test, log-transformed difference between B and A subtests; DSf: digit span forwards; DSb: digit span backwards; SS: sum of squares; Df: degrees of freedom.