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. 2018 Sep 11;9:3686. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05940-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — rhIL-37bWT and variants suppress the pathogenesis of periodontitis model in vivo. a The sketch to test the role of human recombinant IL-37b in murine periodontitis model. b Representative three-dimensional maxillary molars of pro, mature IL-37b and PBS injection groups. The distances from the cemento-enamel junction and alveolar bone crest (CEJ–ABC) of first molar root in buccal side of no-ligature and ligature sites are indicated by blue arrows. Scale bar is 0.5 mm. c The quantitative data of the distance from CEJ-ABC of first molar root in buccal side for each group. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 5/group). *p < 0.05 (One-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons tests). d Representative HE and MPO staining of pro, mature IL-37b and PBS injection groups. Scale bar is 200um. MPO positive cell are indicated by red arrowheads. E Epithelial layer. C Connective tissue. R Root of teeth. B Alveolar bone. e The quantitative data of the MPO positive cells between the root of first and second molar for each group. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 5/group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (One-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons tests). f The IL-1β expression level in the gingival tissues of ligature induced periodontitis model between PBS and mature IL-37bWT injection groups. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 6/group). **p < 0.01 (unpaired two tailed Student’s t test). g Representative IL-1β staining of PBS and mature IL-37b injection groups. IL-1β positive cell are indicated by red arrowheads. E (Epithelial layer). C (Connective tissue). R (Root of teeth). B (Alveolar bone). Scale bar is 200 μm for I and II. 500 μm for III and IV. h Representative three-dimensional maxillary molars of IL-37b V1, V2, V1V2, and PBS injection groups. Scale bar is 0.5 mm. i The quantitative data of the distance from CEJ-ABC of first molar root in buccal side for each group. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD (n ≥ 5/group). **p < 0.01 (One-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons tests)