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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 12.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Stem Cell. 2018 Feb 15;22(4):501–513.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.01.016

Figure 2. Prophylactic vaccination leads to increased antigen presentation in dLNs and subsequent effector/memory T-cell responses in dLNs and spleen.

Figure 2

(A) Two weeks after B16F0 introduction, iPSC and C+I vaccinated mice showed a significant reduction in percentages of regulatory T-cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) and an increase in effector/memory helper T-cells (CD4+CD44+) in the peripheral blood of C+I vaccinated mice. At that point, only limited upregulation of effector/memory cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+CD44+) was seen. (B) The dLNs in the C+I group had significantly higher percentages of effector/memory helper T-cells and (C) increased antigen presentation by mature antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+MHC-II+CD86+) and dendritic cells (CD11c+MHC-II+CD86+). (D) C+I vaccinated FVB mice showed increased percentages of activated cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+Granzyme-B+) in spleens four weeks after DB7 introduction. (E) dLNs of these mice revealed an increased frequency of mature antigen-presenting macrophages as well as (F) effector/memory helper T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells. (n=5 per group, mean±s.e.m., ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test, *p<0.05, **p<0.001, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001).