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. 2018 Aug 30;9:1961. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01961

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Copyright © 2018 Zhou and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Approaches to promote AT Treg cell accumulation in vivo. Injection of IL-33, the anti-CD3 antibody, or a complex consisting of recombinant IL-2 and a particular anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody all show a long-lasting effect on Treg cell expansion in both lymphoid tissues and VAT. β-glucosylceramide induces iNKT cells activation which promotes Treg cells expansion via IL-2 production. In addition, adoptive transfer of Treg cells into recipient mice is recognized as a straight way to increase Treg populations. PPAR-γ agonist Pio treatment also specifically promotes VAT Treg cell accumulation.