Table 1. Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristics.
| Characteristic by Site | Nitrofurantoin (n = 255) | Fosfomycin (n = 258) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) [range], y | 43 (31-63) [18-101] | 46 (31-66) [18-93] |
| Geneva | 43 (31-58) [18-101] | 37 (26-54) [18-91] |
| Lodz | 51 (33-65) [19-90] | 58 (40-68) [18-88] |
| Petah-Tiqva | 37 (27-59) [18-83] | 42 (30-60) [19-93] |
| Outpatient at the time of inclusion, No. (%) | 237 (93) | 238 (92) |
| Geneva | 77 (82) | 74 (80) |
| Lodz | 98 (100) | 102 (100) |
| Petah-Tiqva | 62 (98) | 62 (97) |
| No. of symptoms, median (IQR)a | 3 (2-4) | 3 (2-4) |
| Geneva | 3 (2-4) | 3 (2-4) |
| Lodz | 3 (2-4) | 3 (2-4) |
| Petah-Tiqva | 4 (3-5) | 4 (3-5) |
| Urine culture positive at inclusion, No. (%)b | 194 (76) | 183 (71) |
| Geneva | 88 (94) | 81 (91) |
| Lodz | 68 (70) | 68 (68) |
| Petah-Tiqva | 38 (73) | 34 (62) |
| At risk for resistant organisms, No. (%)c | 220 (86) | 232 (90) |
| Geneva | 60 (65) | 68 (74) |
| Lodz | 97 (99) | 100 (98) |
| Petah-Tiqva | 63 (100) | 64 (100) |
| Antibiotic therapy for any reason in the past year, No. (%) | 131 (51) | 137 (53) |
| Geneva | 31 (33) | 39 (42) |
| Lodz | 97 (99) | 95 (93) |
| Petah-Tiqva | 3 (5) | 3 (5) |
| Any previous UTI, No. (%)d | 41 (16) | 43 (17) |
| Geneva | 9 (10) | 20 (21) |
| Lodz | 6 (6) | 8 (9) |
| Petah-Tiqva | 26 (41) | 15 (23) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; UTI, urinary tract infection.
A total of 9 symptoms were assessed; they included at least 1 of the following: dysuria, frequency, urgency, or suprapubic tenderness; and they may have additionally included flank and/or lower back pain, nausea, subjective fever, or a subjective feeling of chills.
Positive culture was defined as the growth of 103 colony-forming unites/mL or more of at least 1 uropathogen; laboratory reporting of culture growth is described in detail in the eAppendix in Supplement 3. All patients were symptomatic at baseline, thus those with a positive culture had confirmed UTI.
Systemic antibiotic exposure (≥1 dose) or hospitalization in an acute or long-term care center in the previous 12 months, UTI fulfilling criteria for health care–associated infection, recent (in the preceding 12 months) carriage of resistant organisms, or stay of at least 1 month in a high-risk country (any country in the Mediterranean basin excluding France, South or Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Central or South America).
Self-reported.