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. 2018 Sep 12;8:40. doi: 10.1186/s13601-018-0225-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Effect of S. aureus enterotoxin B on epithelial cells in vitro. Primary nasal epithelial cells (n = 5) and Calu-3 epithelial cells (n = 3) at air–liquid interface were stimulated for 4 h with different concentrations of SEB. a Evaluation of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TER) for 4 h of Calu-3 epithelial cell cultures. FD4 permeability of Calu-3 epithelial cells at time point 4 h. b Evaluation of TER for 4 h of primary nasal epithelial cells from heathy controls. FD4 permeability of primary nasal epithelial cells at time point 4 h. c Concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 in the supernatant of SEB stimulated Calu-3 or primary nasal epithelial cell cultures. Data presented as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with post hoc test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns not significant