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The relationship between unstressed and stressed blood volume and mean systemic pressure (Pms) and its independence from mean arterial pressure (MAP) and right atrial pressure (Pra). Pra is important because the driving pressure for venous return (Pvr) is the pressure difference between Pms and Pra. Thus, for the same blood volume, vasodilation, by increasing unstressed volume, decreases both Pms and Pvr, causing cardiac output to decrease. LV left ventricle, RV right ventricle
