Table 2.

Study characteristics.

	Population			Measurements						Intrarater		Interrater
Study	N	Healthy/ symptomatic	Age (years)	Active/ Passive	Fl	Ex	Pro	Sup	CA	Trials (n)	Interval	Raters (n)	Expert/ non-expert
Armstrong et al.21	38	Symptomatic	N/A	Active	+	+	+	+	−	2	Same day	5	Both
Blonna et al.15	50	Both	18–85	Active	+	+	−	−	−	N/A	N/A	4	Both
Chapleau et al.6	51	Healthy	19–50	Active	+	+	−	−	+	3	Consecutively	2	N/A
Cimatti et al.30	33	Both	18–70	Active	−	−	+	+	−	3	Consecutively	2	Expert
Fieseler et al.3	47	Healthy	18–25	Active	+	+	−	−	−	3	Week	N/A	N/A
Flowers et al.31	30	Symptomatic	21–79	Passive	−	−	+	+	−	2	Same day	3	Expert
Gajdosik32	31	Healthy	19–40	Active	−	−	+	+	−	3	Consecutively	1	N/A
Goodwin et al.33	23	Healthy	18–31	Active	+	+	−	−	−	2	Month	3	Expert
Low34	1	Healthy	N/A	Active	+	−	−	−	−	N/A	N/A	50	Expert
Petherick et al.35	30	Healthy	20–28	Active	+	+	−	−	−	3	Consecutively	2	N/A
Rothstein et al.36	12	Symptomatic	N/A	Passive	+	+	−	−	−	2	Same day	12	Expert
Zwerus7	30	Healthy	18–79	Both	+	+	+	+	−	2	Week	2	Expert
Total	376				9	8	5	5	1	25		86

CA: Carrying Angle.