Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of study population (n = 203)
| Characteristics | Mean ± SD/frequency (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Both sexes (n = 203) | Boys (n = 98) | Girls (n = 105) | |
| Maternal | |||
| Age, years | 29.5 ± 4.3 | 29.2 ± 4.3 | 29.8 ± 4.3 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 4.2 | 24.3 ± 4.1 | 23.9 ± 4.4 |
| Gestational weight gain, kg | 14.7 ± 6.1 | 14.7 ± 6.5 | 14.8 ± 5.3 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never-smoker | 142 (69.9) | 67 (68.4) | 75 (71.4) |
| Past-smoker | 31 (15.3) | 14 (14.3) | 17 (16.2) |
| Current-smoker | 30 (14.8) | 17 (17.3) | 13 (12.4) |
| Parity | |||
| 1 | 100 (49.3) | 49 (50.0) | 51 (48.6) |
| 2 | 81 (39.9) | 37 (37.8) | 44 (41.9) |
| ≥ 3 | 22 (10.8) | 12 (12.2) | 10 (9.5) |
| Education | |||
| Low | 21 (10.3) | 11 (11.2) | 10 (9.5) |
| Middle | 62 (30.6) | 35 (35.7) | 27 (25.7) |
| High | 120 (59.1) | 52 (53.1) | 68 (64.8) |
| Paternal | |||
| Age, years | 31.9 ± 5.5 | 31.7 ± 5.7 | 32.1 ± 5.3 |
| Newborn | |||
| Gestational age, weeks | 39.2 ± 1.3 | 39.1 ± 1.4 | 39.3 ± 1.1 |
| Birth weight, g | 3416 ± 445 | 3469 ± 471 | 3366 ± 415 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| European-Caucasian | 186 (91.6) | 88 (89.8) | 98 (93.3) |
| Non-European | 17 (8.4) | 10 (10.2) | 7 (6.7) |