Table 3.
Changes of biomarkers and functional score in the study and control groups during the study period
| HBOT group (n = 25) | Disease control group (n = 25) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |
| Biomarkers of EPC | ||||
| CD133+/CD34+ (%) | 28.4 ± 14.4 | 32.6 ± 15.3 | 31.2 ± 15.2 | 25.3 ± 17.9 |
| KDR+/CD34+ (%) | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 5.6 ± 4.0* | 5.1 ± 2.9 | 4.9 ± 3.4 |
| Biomarkers of oxidative stress | ||||
| TBARS, μmol/L | 16.9 ± 6.6 | 14.8 ± 4.57 | 15.0 ± 5.9 | 12.2 ± 2.8 |
| Thiols, μmol/L | 0.74 ± 0.3 | 0.81 ± 0.36 | 0.89 ± 0.39 | 0.99 ± 0.25 |
| Peripheral blood studies | ||||
| Hs-CRP, mg/L | 5.1 ± 3.2 | 3.4 ± 2.1* | 4.1 ± 2.8 | 3.7 ± 2.4 |
| Endothelial cell activation markers | ||||
| sL-selectin (ng/mL) | 691.4 ± 118.4 | 689.1 ± 106.0 | 684.6 ± 184.3 | 706.4 ± 197.8 |
| sP-selectin (ng/mL) | 91.3 ± 18.3 | 90.6 ± 18.2 | 84.9 ± 18.4 | 82.5 ± 15.0 |
| sE-selectin (ng/mL) | 48.8 ± 18.6 | 56.1 ± 37.0 | 41.4 ± 18.8 | 42.0 ± 12.0 |
| sICAM-1 (ng/mL) | 198.8 ± 64.0 | 213.7 ± 70.4 | 217.6 ± 46.5 | 865.2 ± 289.3 |
| sVCAM-1 (ng/mL) | 876.0 ± 302.8 | 804.3 ± 208.3 | 865.2 ± 289.3 | 814.3 ± 173.5 |
| Functional score | ||||
| NIHSS | 7.4 ± 3.2 | 4.1 ± 3.5***** | 6.4 ± 2.5 | 4.7 ± 2.7*** |
| Barthel index | 40.0 ± 26.1 | 67.1 ± 29.4***** | 40.5 ± 27.5 | 55.0 ± 29.2* |
| Modified Rankin Scale | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 2.3 ± 1.5***** | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 2.9 ± 1.3* |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated
The changes (baseline and 1-month follow-up) of biomarkers and functional score study in different groups (HBOT and disease control) were compared using paired-t test
HBOT hyperbaric oxygen therapy, sL-selectin soluble leukocyte selectin, sP-selectin soluble platelet selectin, sE-selectin soluble endothelial selectin, sICAM soluble intercellular adhesion molecule, sVCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005; **** p < 0.001; ***** p < 0.0001