Table 2.

Determinants of CHE

Determinants of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE)	Western Africa	South Africa	East and Central Africa	Total studies per determinant
Household economic status:  Poor-income households  Middle-income households  High-income households	4 [5, 15, 28, 33]	2 [12, 14]	4 [1, 6, 13, 27*]	10
Type of health care provider:  Private  Public	2 [11, 24]	1 [14]	5 [1, 9, 13, 27*, 34]	8
Type of illness:  HIV-ART  Tuberculosis  Obstetrics  Malaria  Chronic illnesses	5 [5, 10, 11, 24, 33]	2 [12, 29]	5 [1, 6, 9, 13, 27*]	12
Household member characteristics  Employment status  Education level  Gender/sex  Age of household members	5 [5, 15, 24, 28, 33]	3 [12, 22, 29]	7 [1, 6, 9, 13, 27*, 31, 34]	15
Geographical location  Distance to the health facility  Residence (rural/urban)	3 [24, 11, 15]	3 [14, 22, 29]	5 [1, 6, 9, 31, 34]	11
Social insurance/health scheme  Health insurance  Social network scheme	3 [5, 11, 28]	Nil	1 [9]	4
Household size and composition  Number of household members  Household with elderly people  Household with under 5 children	5 [5, 10,11, 24, 33]	2 [12, 22]	6 [1, 6, 9, 13, 31, 34]	13

*Central African region (Democratic Republic of Congo)