Figure 2.

In vitro effects of nor-exo and hyp-exo on Col-1α and α-SMA expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiac fibroblasts were incubated with nor-exo (75 μg/ml) or GW4869-treated nor-exo (75 mg/ml) and then stimulated with TGF-β₁ (15 ng/ml) for 48 h (A). In part B, the anti-fibrotic effects of hyp-exo (75 mg/ml) and nor-exo (75 μg/ml) in combination with ATA (25 μM) were also detected. Col-1α was observed in cardiac fibroblasts treated with different exosomes using a fluorescence microscope (C). Mean ±SD, n=3, ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test. * P<0.05; ** P<0.01.