Table 1.
Preoperative Characteristics of the 25 Study Patients
| Characteristic | Patients (No. [%]) |
|---|---|
| Age | |
| 18-30 y | 9 (36) |
| 31-60 y | 11 (44) |
| ≥61 y | 5 (20) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 13 (52) |
| Female | 12 (48) |
| Preoperative hypernasality | |
| Mild | 6 (24) |
| Moderate | 10 (40) |
| Severe | 9 (36) |
| Preoperative gap size | |
| Small (<20%) | 12 (48) |
| Moderate (20%-50%) | 10 (40) |
| Large (>50%) | 3 (12) |
| Closure pattern | |
| Coronal | 17 (68) |
| Circular | 8 (32) |
| Etiology of VPI | |
| Neurologic | 13 (52) |
| Anatomic, benign | 8 (32) |
| Anatomic, malignant | 4 (16) |
VPI = velopharyngeal insufficiency.