Table 3.

Associations of working memory performance with BDNF levels at baseline, with BDNF response and with BDNF post-intervention levels for the different interventions, stratified according to baseline BDNF levels

	Intervention	Physical exercise			Cognitive training			Mindfulness
	BDNF outcomes	Baseline level	Response	Post-interv level	Baseline level	Response	Post-interv level	Baseline level	Response	Post-interv level
All participants (N = 19)		0.25 p = 0.31	0.22 p = 0.38	0.50 p = 0.03	0.08 p = 0.74	0.09 p = 0.72	0.03 p = 0.90	−0.12 p = 0.63	−0.13 p = 0.60	−0.09 p = 0.72
Stratified by baseline BDNF	Participants with lower levels (N = 6)	−0.60 p = 0.21	0.89 p = 0.02	0.71 p = 0.11	0.07 p = 0.88	0.36 p = 0.43	0.32 p = 0.48	−0.03 p = 0.96	−0.20 p = 0.70	−0.37 p = 0.47
	Participants with higher levels (N = 6)	0.71 p = 0.11	0.31 p = 0.54	0.77 p = 0.07	0.26 p = 0.63	−0.66 p = 0.16	−0.43 p = 0.40	0.26 p = 0.62	−0.37 p = 0.47	0.14 p = 0.79

All correlations were calculated between BDNF levels and the average maximum score on all CogMed items (see Methods).

Numbers are coefficients from Spearman correlations with exact p-values beneath.

The stratification of participants into lower versus higher baseline levels of BDNF was according to first and third tertiles.