Table 3.

a. Linear regression models showing predictors of parenting (continuous variable)
	Unadjusted B (95% CI)	Adjusted Model B (95% CI)
Poverty (living in informal dwelling)	6.97 (6.70, 7.23)	−.30 (−.52, −.70)**
Carer mental health	.31 (.08, .54)**	.32 (.08, .55)**
Biological parent	.19 (.04, .35)*	.20 (.03, .37)*
Stigma	−.31 (−.39, −.24)***	−.30 (−.38, −.23)***
Number of adults in the household	.02 (−.01, .05)	.02 (−.01, .06)
Child gender (female)	.16 (.007, .32)*	-
Child age	−.004 (−.03, .02)	-
Carer gender (female)	−.12 (−.46, .23)	-
Carer age	−.004 (−.009, .002)	-
Country (South Africa)	.36 (.16, .57)***	-

b. Logistic regression models showing predictors of good parenting (dichotomous variable)
	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted Model OR (95% CI)
Poverty (living in informal dwelling)	.77 (.50, 1.18)	.62 (.39, .97)*
Carer mental health	1.91 (1.27, 2.87)**	1.95 (1.29, 2.94)**
Biological parent	1.74 (1.29, 2.34)***	1.58 (1.14, 2.19)**
Stigma	.67 (.54, .82)***	.66 (.54, .82)***
Number of adults in the household	1.09 (1.02, 1.14)**	1.09 (1.03, 1.15)**
Child gender (female)	.79 (.59–1.06)	-
Child age	.97 (.92–1.02)	-
Carer gender (female)	.96 (.50–1.88)	-
Carer age	.99 (.98–.99)**	-
Country (South Africa)	1.26 (.83–1.93)	-

Analyses are linear regression models showing predictors of parenting (scale 0–10). Adjusted model was controlled for child and carer gender, child and carer age and country.

^*p<.05;

^**p<.01;

^***p<.001. B = unstandardised coefficient; CI = confidence interval.

The data are cross-sectional; all variables were measured at baseline. Analyses are logistic regression models showing predictors of good parenting (cut-off>8). Adjusted model was controlled for child and carer gender, child and carer age and country.

^*p<.05;

^**p<.01;

^***p<.001 OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.