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. 2018 Sep 6;13:5127–5138. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S161240

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© 2018 Barbari et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Plasma insulin level vs time profiles (μIU/mL) following the administration of different formulations.

Note: ×: Simple insulin solution (SC, 5 IU/kg); ■: insulin-loaded NPs from native Cs in enteric capsules (oral, 30 IU/kg); ▲: insulin-loaded NPs from CPP-g-Cs in enteric capsules (oral, 30 IU/kg); ●: simple insulin powder in enteric capsules (oral, 30 IU/kg).

Abbreviations: CPP, cell-penetrating peptide; Cs, chitosan; CPP-g-Cs, peptide-grafted derivative of chitosan; NPs, nanoparticles; SC, subcutaneous.