Table 2.

Adjusted associations of liver fat score with the following outcomes: (A) Matsuda Index, (B) HOMA-IR, (C) ISSI-2, (D) Insulinogenic Index/HOMA-IR, (E) fasting glucose, and (F) 2-hour glucose on the OGTT, after adjustment for covariates

Model	Predictor	Estimate	t	P values
(A) Outcome—log Matsuda Index
1	Liver fat score 1	−0.207845	−2.81	0.005
	Liver fat score ≥2	−0.594855	−4.90	<0.0001
2	Liver fat score 1	−0.198107	−2.68	0.008
	Liver fat score ≥2	−0.508955	−3.94	0.0001
3	Liver fat score 1	−0.192737	−2.59	0.01
	Liver fat score ≥2	−0.499132	−3.85	0.0002
(B) Outcome—log HOMA-IR
1	Liver fat score 1	0.123654	1.62	0.11
	Liver fat score ≥2	0.501937	4.00	<0.0001
2	Liver fat score 1	0.106341	1.38	0.17
	Liver fat score ≥2	0.417193	3.10	0.002
3	Liver fat score 1	0.101170	1.30	0.19
	Liver fat score ≥2	0.410080	3.03	0.003
(C) Outcome—ISSI-2
1	Liver fat score 1	20.866508	0.38	0.71
	Liver fat score ≥2	−198.471718	−2.19	0.03
2	Liver fat score 1	31.610452	0.56	0.57
	Liver fat score ≥2	−151.946792	−1.54	0.13
3	Liver fat score 1	41.505435	0.76	0.45
	Liver fat score ≥2	−128.090381	−1.34	0.18
(D) Outcome—log Insulinogenic Index/HOMA-IR
1	Liver fat score 1	−0.195451	−1.44	0.15
	Liver fat score ≥2	−0.572836	−2.55	0.01
2	Liver fat score 1	−0.146492	−1.08	0.28
	Liver fat score ≥2	−0.369876	−1.54	0.13
3	Liver fat score 1	−0.118903	−0.91	0.36
	Liver fat score ≥2	−0.317762	−1.38	0.17
(E) Outcome—fasting glucose
1	Liver fat score 1	0.138401	1.61	0.11
	Liver fat score ≥2	0.146732	3.31	0.001
2	Liver fat score 1	0.124707	1.53	0.13
	Liver fat score ≥2	0.303885	2.14	0.03
3	Liver fat score 1	0.109250	1.39	0.17
	Liver fat score ≥2	0.269000	1.95	0.052
(F) Outcome—2-hour glucose on OGTT
1	Liver fat score 1	0.348975	1.12	0.27
	Liver fat score ≥2	2.212713	4.34	<0.0001
2	Liver fat score 1	0.350212	1.15	0.25
	Liver fat score ≥2	1.471132	2.78	0.006
3	Liver fat score 1	0.301555	1.03	0.30
	Liver fat score ≥2	1.342451	2.63	0.009

Model 3: Model 2 further adjusted for gestational glucose tolerance status.

Model 2: Model 1 further adjusted for duration of breast feeding in the first year.

Model 1: age, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, and body mass index.

HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model of Assessment-Insulin Resistance; ISSI-2, Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2; OGTT, gamma-glutamyltransferase.