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. 2018 Jul 13;6(9):11853–11868. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02151

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(a) Plausible structural model of a lignin fragment showing various functional groups and interunit linkages. Reprinted in part with permission from ref (26) (Copyright 2010 American Society of Plant Biologists). (b) Energy profile (Gibbs free energy) along with chemical or mechanical nanoparticle preparation. The chemical pathway presents an unnecessary diminution step (high intermediate ΔG) since the atomic/ionic or molecular intermediates are then again combined to nanosized particles. Reprinted in part with permission from ref (22) (Copyright 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry).