| resistance to decay and biological attacks |
veneer protection |
(69) |
use of derivatized lignin (epoxidation) |
| |
films for active packaging (drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing) |
(70) |
|
| UV absorbance and antioxidant activity |
cosmetics (skin care, sunscreens) |
(25) |
|
| UV absorbance |
pesticide protection |
(25) |
lignin used for UV protection of microbial agents that act against insect pests |
| capsule formation |
pesticide
encapsulation |
(71) |
use of acetylated lignin to allow spheres formation |
| high stiffness |
polymer reinforcement |
(23) |
|
| low toxicity, non-cytotoxicity, small
size, capsule formation |
drug-delivery |
(23,71−78) |
|
| stable behavior of nanoparticles |
emulsion stabilizer |
(79,80) |
application in oil well drilling |
| pH dependent stability |
Pickering emulsions for
polymerization |
(81) |
polystyrene preparation |
| possible to electrospun |
feedstock for carbon fiber production |
(82) |
diameter of carbon fibers between 400 nm and 1 μm |
| shape tunability,
high interfacial area, UV absorbance, antioxidant
effect, high stiffness, miscibility with polymer matrix, thermal stability |
composite and polymer filler |
(6,68,69,83) |
lignin at nanoscale allows uniform distribution in composite |
| low density, non-conducting material, light
color |
natural rubber filler |
(84) |
|
| low density, reinforcing properties, large availability |
phenolic foam reinforcement |
(85) |
|
| affinity of lignin with TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) |
substrates for TNT detection |
(86) |
|
