Skip to main content
. 2018 Jul 21;43(11):2204–2211. doi: 10.1038/s41386-018-0157-y

Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample (N = 157)

History of maltreatment and recent placement N = 54 Referral to protective services, no removal N = 29 No history of abuse or neglect N = 74 Statistic p-value
Age 11.9 ± 2.0 11.1 ± 1.8 11.2 ± 1.9 F (2) = 2.33
p = ns
Sex (%female/%male) 59%/41% 64%/36% 54%/46% χ2 = 0.9
p = ns
Race (EA/AA or Biracial) 90%/10% 96%/4% 85%/15% χ2 = 2.5
p = ns
Y-VACS Intra-familial Adversity Score 27.5 ± 7.9a 21.2 ± 8.3b 9.2 ± 7.4c Wald χ2 = 181.5
p < .0001
Y-VACS Extra-familial Adversity Score 6.0 ± 3.6 5.8 ± 3.3 5.4 ± 3.7 Wald χ2 = 0.87
p = ns
Y-VACS Total Adversity Score 33.5 ± 8.7a 26.9 ± 9.7b 14.7 ± 9.2c Wald χ2 = 140.6
p < .0001
Mood and Feelings Depression Questionnaire 15.1 ± 12.0a 12.8 ± 9.8a, b 8.7 ± 7.2b Wald χ2 = 17.6
p = .001
Clinical Threshold MFQ Scores 9 (17%) 4 (14%) 2 (2.7%) χ2 = 6.57+
p < .04

Means with different superscripts are statistically different from one another, Student–Newman–Keuls test

EA European American, AA African American, Y-VACS Yale–Vermont Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale, MFQ Mood and Feelings Questionnaire

+Likelihood ratio used to test the significance due to number of cells with fewer than five counts