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. 2018 Sep 6;9:2032. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02032

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Copyright © 2018 Rana, Fei-Bloom, Son, La Bella, Ochani, Levine, Chiu, Wang, Chavan, Volpe, Sherry and Diamond.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Methyllycaconitine treatment restores LPS-induced TNFα responses in CLP-survivors. BALB/c mice were subjected to control and CLP surgery, allowed to recover for 4 weeks, and then treated by intraperitoneal injection with methylcaconitine (MLA; 4 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) 30 min prior to LPS-challenge (4 mg/kg). Blood and spleens were harvested 90 min after LPS administration. Serum TNFα was measured by ELISA. (A) Enhanced LPS-induced serum levels of TNFα in endotoxemic MLA-treated CLP-surviving mice. Results represent the mean ± SEM of 6–9 mice per group from two independent experiments; CLP + Saline + LPS vs. CLP + MLA + LPS ^**p < 0.01. (Mann-Whitney U-test). (B) TNFα staining in spleen sections of CLP + Saline + LPS and CLP + MLA + LPS. Magnification (20X; scale bar = 50 μm). Images are representative of spleen sections from two independent experiments (n = 6). CLP + Saline + LPS vs. CLP + MLA + LPS ^**p < 0.01. (Mann-Whitney U-test).