Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the control and SCAD groups
| Control group(n = 65) | SCAD group(n = 63) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60.34 ± 6.08 | 61.86 ± 6.09 | 0.161 |
| Male sex (n, %) | 28/65 (43.1%) | 36/63 (57.1%) | 0.112 |
| Smoker (n, %) | 17/65 (26.2%) | 23/63 (36.5%) | 0.206 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.15 ± 3.33 | 24.40 ± 3.36 | 0.679 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 32/65 (49.2%) | 47/63 (74.6%) | 0.004 |
| DM (n, %) | 6/65 (9.2%) | 6/63 (9.5%) | 0.995 |
| Dyslipidaemia (n, %) | 52/65 (80.0%) | 54/63 (85.7%) | 0.392 |
| Cr (μM) | 66.55 ± 14.43 | 71.57 ± 14.42 | 0.051 |
| CHOL (mM) | 4.48 ± 0.89 | 4.60 ± 1.20 | 0.983 |
| TG (mM) | 1.67 ± 0.90 | 1.84 ± 1.34 | 0.717 |
| LDL-c (mM) | 2.70 ± 0.85 | 2.87 ± 1.07 | 0.502 |
| HDL-c (mM) | 1.10 ± 0.35 | 1.04 ± 0.26 | 0.399 |
| Random blood glucose (mM) | 5.73 ± 1.56 | 5.93 ± 1.77 | 0.359 |
| HBA1c (%) | 5.77 ± 0.82 | 5.85 ± 0.74 | 0.600 |
| hs-CRP(mg/L) | 2.84 ± 2.00 | 5.98 ± 15.58 | 0.337 |
| TNI (μg/L) | 0.005 ± 0.01 | 0.267 ± 1.77 | 0.578 |
| BNP (pM) | 36.00 ± 37.03 | 41.54 ± 38.90 | 0.483 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 62.28 ± 6.30 | 61.19 ± 5.92 | 0.317 |
| Gensini score | 1.76 ± 3.05 | 18.96 ± 20.05 | 0.000 |
| Heart rate before Ex (bpm) | 78.15 ± 12.42 | 82.29 ± 12.12 | 0.172 |
| Peak heart rate (bpm) | 139.23 ± 7.78 | 137.78 ± 6.35 | 0.602 |
| HRR1 (bpm) | 29.02 ± 10.48 | 24.21 ± 8.16 | 0.005 |
| HRR1 ≤24 bpm (n, %) | 24/65 (36.9%) | 37/63 (58.7%) | 0.014 |
| HRR2 (bpm) | 48.34 ± 10.81 | 42.14 ± 10.96 | 0.002 |
| HRR2 ≤42 bpm (n, %) | 20/65 (30.8%) | 34/63 (54.0%) | 0.008 |
| HRR3 (bpm) | 53.51 ± 10.62 | 47.00 ± 10.73 | 0.001 |
| HRR4 (bpm) | 55.22 ± 9.81 | 49.52 ± 10.27 | 0.002 |
| HRR5 (bpm) | 56.34 ± 9.87 | 51.22 ± 10.96 | 0.006 |
| SDNN (ms) | 126.42 ± 29.90 | 115.57 ± 26.41 | 0.032 |
| SDANN (ms) | 112.74 ± 29.77 | 104.86 ± 26.92 | 0.119 |
| RMSSD (ms) | 27.60 ± 8.97 | 22.11 ± 6.03 | 0.000 |
| pNN50 (%) | 6.71 ± 6.43 | 3.45 ± 3.30 | 0.000 |
| VLF (ms) | 28.49 ± 7.37 | 24.43 ± 5.83 | 0.001 |
| LF (ms) | 16.15 ± 5.32 | 13.69 ± 4.03 | 0.006 |
| HF (ms) | 11.34 ± 4.03 | 8.93 ± 2.52 | 0.000 |
| LF/HF | 1.47 ± 0.34 | 1.56 ± 0.35 | 0.118 |
| Medication | |||
| Aspirin use (n, %) | 32/65 (49.2%) | 58/63 (92.1%) | 0.000 |
| Statin use (n, %) | 37/65 (56.9%) | 59/63 (93.7%) | 0.000 |
| Beta-blocker use (n, %) | 17/65 (26.2%) | 37/63 (58.7%) | 0.000 |
| ACEI use (n, %) | 8/65 (12.3%) | 14/63 (22.2%) | 0.137 |
| ARBs use (n, %) | 13/65 (20%) | 18/63 (28.6%) | 0.258 |
| CCB use (n, %) | 25/65 (38.5%) | 27/63 (42.9%) | 0.613 |
| Diuretic use (n, %) | 3/65 (4.6%) | 7/63 (11.1%) | 0.299 |
Values are expressed as n (%) or mean ± SD. Abbreviations: control, non-coronary artery disease; SCAD, stable coronary artery disease; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; Cr, creatinine; CHOL, cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HBA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TNI, troponin I; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; Ex, treadmill exercise; HRR, heart rate recovery; HRRn, heart rate recovery at n minutes post-exercise; SDNN, standard deviation of NN intervals; SDANN, standard deviation of all 5,minute mean NN intervals; RMSSD, root mean square of successive differences; pNN50, the proportion derived by dividing the number of interval differences of successive NN intervals greater than 50 ms by the total number of NN intervals; VLF, very-low-frequency power; LF, low-frequency power; HF, high-frequency power; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker.