Table 3.

Results of path analysis in research model.

Path analysis			Dependent variables
			Relationship	PAS score			Pharyngeal transit duration			Laryngeal response duration
Independent variables				ß	CR	p	ß	CR	p	ß	CR	p
Caudate nucleus lesion	Thin liquid	2 mL	→	0.25	0.86	0.39	−0.36	−1.15	0.25	0.49	1.05	0.30
		5 mL	→	0.72	3.18	0.001†	−0.01	−0.29	0.77	−0.75	−1.96	0.06
	Yogurt	5 mL	→	0.03	0.17	0.86	−0.56	−1.69	0.09	−0.28	−0.59	0.55
Insular lesion	Thin liquid	2 mL	→	0.29	1.18	0.24	−0.05	−0.23	0.81	−0.13	1.02	0.30
		5 mL	→	−0.15	−0.74	0.46	0.01	−0.03	0.98	0.41	1.62	0.10
	Yogurt	5 mL	→	0.10	0.50	0.62	0.54	2.23	0.03*	0.57	1.82	0.07
Age	Thin liquid	2 mL	→				1.61	0.49	0.63	−0.04	−0.08	0.93
		5 mL	→				−0.19	−0.50	0.62	1.06	2.62	0.009†
	Yogurt	5 mL	→				0.55	1.60	0.12	0.04	0.07	0.94
PAS score	Thin liquid	2 mL	→				0.14	0.81	0.42
		5 mL	→				0.86	4.32	0.00†
	Yogurt	5 mL	→				−0.23	−1.04	0.30
Laryngeal response duration	Thin liquid	2 mL	→	−0.92	−0.71	0.48	−0.11	−0.12	0.90
		5 mL	→	6.33	1.428	0.158	11.05	2.82	0.005†
	Yogurt	5 mL	→	−1.07	−1.06	0.29	−0.01	−0.07	0.94

CR, critical ratio; PAS, Penetration-Aspiration Scale. ^*p < 0.05, ^†p < 0.01