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. 2016 Jun;186(6):1662–1673. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.02.003

Figure 13.

Figure 13

Resveratrol and valproic acid (VPA) treatment affects the parental 16T, its Aldefluor (ALD)− and ALD+ fractions, and the D3 clone. The unsorted 16T, freshly isolated ALD− and ALD+ fractions, and the D3 clone were incubated with 1 mmol/L VPA, 50 μmol/L resveratrol, or control (dimethyl sulfoxide) in spheroid media for 3 days. A: Both VPA and resveratrol significantly reduce Aldefluor activity on all fractions of cells tested, with the exception of VPA on the parental 16T, which reduces the Aldefluor activity yet it is not significant. The ALD− fraction was tested and remains negative for all treatments (data not shown). B: MTT assay showing significantly reduced proliferation in all cell fractions tested with the ALD− fraction the least affected. The ALD− fraction proliferation rate is severely affected by the serum-free nature of the spheroid media. C: Percentage of viable cells for all cell fractions and treatment groups showing the reduction of viable cells. This also shows the severity of the serum-free media effect on the ALD− fraction. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 versus the control group. OD, optical density.