Table 1.
Comparison of patient clinical characteristics.
| Variable | Early excision group (n = 17) | Late excision group (n = 25) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n | .731 | ||
| Male | 13 | 17 | |
| Female | 4 | 8 | |
| Age, average (range), y | 37 (20–63) | 36 (17–62) | .800 |
| Involvement of dominant elbow, n | .531 | ||
| Yes | 8 | 15 | |
| No | 9 | 10 | |
| Type of injury, n | .146 | ||
| Distal humeral fracture | 4 | 12 | |
| Proximal radial or ulnar fracture | 7 | 10 | |
| Elbow dislocation/fracture-dislocation | 6 | 3 | |
| Location of heterotopic ossification, n | .951 | ||
| Medial | 3 | 3 | |
| Lateral | 2 | 4 | |
| Anterior | 13 | 18 | |
| Posterior | 14 | 19 | |
| Surgical approach, n | .329 | ||
| Medial and lateral approaches | 14 | 13 | |
| Medial approach | 2 | 4 | |
| Lateral approach | 1 | 5 | |
| Anterior approach | 0 | 1 | |
| Posterior approach | 0 | 2 | |
| Initial treatment, n | .374 | ||
| Nonoperative | 1 | 5 | |
| Operative | 16 | 20 | |
| Time to index surgery, average (range), mo | 7.4 (3–11) | 33.5 (12–240) | .010 |
| Follow-up time, average (range), mo | 42 (16–63) | 33 (12–65) | .067 |
| Postoperative complications | 3 | 4 | .888 |
| Recurrence of heterotopic ossification | 4 | 6 | .972 |