Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the patients.
| Factors | Diagnosed wrists (n = 34) | Missed diagnosis wrists (n = 10) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time until correct diagnosis (days) | Perilunate injury | 5.7 ± 2.3 | 31.7 ± 32.2 | 0.029** |
| Cause of injury | Fall from a height (wr*) | 9 (26.5) | 4 (40) | |
| Fall from a height | 12 (35.2) | 1 (10) | ||
| Fall | 4 (11.7) | 3 (30) | 0.760 | |
| Motor vehicle accident | 6 (17.6) | 2 (20) | ||
| Crushed or trapped between objects | 3 (8.8) | |||
| Associated fracture(s) | Scaphoid | 16 (47.1) | 2 (20) | 0.147 |
| Radius styloid | 14 (41.1) | 5 (50) | 0.720 | |
| Lunate | 1 (2.9) | – | 0.572 | |
| Triquetrum | 7 (20.5) | 2 (20) | 0.930 | |
| Ulna styloid | 6 (17.6) | 3 (30) | 0.449 | |
| Polytrauma | Head trauma, internal organ injury, or other fracture (pelvis, vertebra, etc.) | 7 (21.9) | 1 (10) | 0.445 |
| Concomitant trauma in ipsilateral extremity | Elbow dislocation | 1 (2.9) | ||
| Radial head dislocation | 1 (2.9) | – | No statistics computed | |
| Ulna and humerus shaft fracture | 1 (2.9) | |||
| 2nd metacarpal base fracture | 1 (2.9) | |||
| Initial treatment | Cast immobilization | 3 (8.8) | 7 (70) | No statistics computed |
| Brace | 1 (2.9) | 3 (30) | ||
| Surgical treatment | 30 (88.2) | – | ||
| Injury type | Pure ligamentous injury | 4 (11.7) | 3 (30) | 0.423 |
| Fracture dislocation | 30 (88.2) | 7 (70) | ||
| Radiographic assessment | Correct | 32 (94.1) | 8 (80) | 0.236 |
| Inadequate | 2 (5.8) | 2 (20) | ||
| Experience of the orthopedic surgeon | Experienced | 34 (100) | 4 (40) | 0.000*** |
| Inexperienced | – | 6 (60) | ||
| Time of presentation | Day shift (8:00 am–8:00 pm) | 24 (70) | 3 (30) | 0.062 |
| Night shift (8:00 pm–8:00 am) | 10 (29) | 7 (70) | ||
| Herzberg classification | I | 10 (29.4) | 3 (30) | |
| IIa | 14 (41.1) | 4 (40) | 0.993 | |
| IIb | 10 (29.4) | 3 (30) | ||
wr*: work-related. **p < 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test, ***p < 0.05, Fisher’s Exact test.