. 2018 Sep 10;14:2313–2321. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S173255

Table 2.

Pre–post comparison of independent group on PHQ-9, MAAS, and CPSS

PHQ-9			Effect size (d)	Standard error	P-value	95% CI
PHQ-9			Effect size (d)	Standard error	P-value	Lower bound	Higher bound
MTCC	Pre	Post	2.625	0.225	<0.001	2.175	3.075
Control	Pre	Post	0.133	0.232	0.568	−0.331	0.598

MAAS			Effect size	Standard error	P-value	95% CI
MAAS			Effect size	Standard error	P-value	Lower bound	higher bound

MTCC	Pre	Post	−5.688	0.605	<0.001	−6.897	−4.478
Control	Pre	Post	−0.367	0.624	0.559	−1.616	0.882

CPSS			Effect size	Standard error	P-value	95% CI
CPSS			Effect size	Standard error	P-value	Lower bound	Higher bound

MTCC	Pre	Post	3.031	0.446	<0.001	2.139	3.923
Control	Pre	Post	0.367	0.461	0.429	−0.555	1.288

Abbreviations: MTCC, mindfulness-based Tai Chi Chuan; PHQ-9, nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire; MAAS, Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale; CPSS, Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale.