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. 2018 Sep 10;13:2821–2832. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S172579

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© 2018 Sun et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Effects of the nucleosides on (A) NO, (B) TNF-α, (C) IL-1β, and (D) inflammatory cells in CSE-induced mice.

Notes: Study groups: C: control, orally treated with the vehicle only; M: model, intraperitoneal injection of CSE; P: positive control, orally treated with budesonide (2 mg/kg) after CSE challenge; 20: nucleosides dosed at 20 mg/kg; 40: nucleosides dosed at 40 mg/kg. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, model group vs control group; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01, ###P<0.001, treatment group vs model group. Data shown as mean ± SEM (n=4, each group).

Abbreviations: BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; CSE, cigarette smoke extract; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; NO, nitric oxide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.