Table S1.

Univariate and multivariable predictors of late AF (after 90 days) or death following cardiac surgery: during a mean follow-up of 3.7 years in the LAACS study^a

Variable	Univariate			Multivariable
	χ2	HR	p-value	χ2	HR	p-value
Age	1.8	1.02 (95% CI 0.99–1.05)	0.18	–	–	–
Male gender	0.2	0.96 (95% CI 0.47–1.96)	0.90	–	–	–
CHA2DS2-VASc	1.8	1.14 (95% CI 0.94–1.38)	0.18	–	–	–
Beta blocker	0.8	1.30 (95% CI 0.73–2.32)	0.37	–	–	–
Calcium blocker	0.9	1.31 (95% CI 0.74–2.34)	0.85	–	–	–
RAS blocker	2.7	1.61 (95% CI 0.91–2.85)	0.10	8.2	2.43 (95% CI 1.32–4.47)	0.004
Statin	0.3	0.81 (95% CI 0.39–1.66)	0.56	–	–	–
LAACS (randomized)	0.3	0.86 (95% CI 0.49–1.51)	0.60	–	–	–
Surgery typeb	8.0	2.27 (95% CI 1.29–3.98)	0.004	7.3	2.32 (95% CI 1.26–4.27)	0.007
New-onset AFc	26.4	6.03 (95% CI 3.04–11.97)	<0.001	24.9	6.37 (95% CI 3.08–13.20)	<0.001

Notes:

^aHRs for late (90 days after cardiac surgery) AF (yes/no). Multivariable HRs reflect the predictors that remained significant at a 95% significance level when including all predictors with a univariate p<0.70 (to remove irrelevant parameters) in stepwise selection.

^b“Valve” (aortic [n=26] or mitral valve replacement [n=8]) or “vessel and valve surgery” (aortic valve replacement with CABG [n=32], aortic valve replacement with aortic repair [n=2], aortic and mitral valve replacement [n=2] or mitral valve replacement with CABG [n=3]) as compared to “vessel only” (aortic repair [n=1] or CABG [n=86]).

^cPeri-procedural new-onset AF within the first 7 days after surgery (yes/no).

Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CHA₂DS₂-VASc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age (≥75 years), diabetes, stroke – peripheral vascular disease, age (≥65 years), sex category; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable; LAACS, Left Atrial Appendage Closure with Surgery; RAS, renin–angiotensin system.