Figure 6. An integrated approach to exploit CIN for a therapeutic benefit.

A viable adoption of CIN-directed therapies in the clinic must integrate a multi-disciplinary approach as well as careful patient selection. The widespread prevalence of CIN in advanced tumors offers an opportunity to devise therapeutic strategies that aim to target multi-drug resistance and metastatic progression. Furthermore, a better understanding of the mechanisms of CIN-induced inflammation might enable the development of novel approaches to augment anti-tumor immunity and synergize with existing immunotherapeutic agents used in the context of advanced metastatic disease.