Table 2.

Hypocholesterolemic effects of probiotic on human.

Probiotic strain	Subjects	Dose and duration of study	Effects (P<0.05)	Ref.
Lactobacillus plantarum ECGC 13110402	49 normal to mildly hypercholesterolaemic adults	2x109 CFU encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum ECGC 13110402 twice daily for 16 weeks.	(i) Significant reduction in LDL-C in volunteers with baseline TC<5mM during the 0±12 week period (13.9%) (ii) Significant reduction in TC in volunteers with baseline TC_6mM in the 0±6 week period (37.6%) (iii) A significant decrease in TAG (53.9%) (iv) increase in HDL-C (14.7%) in the over 60 years population in the 6±12 week period	[58]
Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3	45 clinically asymptomatic hypercholesterolaemic participants	Consumed an RAC containing an anti-oxidative and anti-atherogenic probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 (LFME-3) for 4 weeks.	(i) The reduction of total cholesterol (from 6.5 ± 1.0 to 5.7 ± 0.9 mmol/l) (ii) HDL cholesterol level rose from 1.60 ± 0.31to 1.67 ± 0.34mml/l)	[59]
Bifidobacterium lactis HN019	51 subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) other cardiovascular risks	Daily ingestion of 80 mL fermented milk with 2.72 x 1010 CFU of B. lactis HN019 for 45 days.	(i) 7.7 % decrease of total cholesterol (ii) LDL-cholesterol reduce by 13%	[60]
Streptococcus thermophilus	30 subjects, respectively, with average serum LDL-cholesterol levels of about 140 mg/dl.	Streptococcus thermophiles (ST) -fermented milk or non-fermented placebo milk (PC) was consumed once a day for 12 weeks	Daily consumption of ST-fermented milk beneficial in healthy or mildly hyper- LDL cholesterolaemic subjects. The benefits were particularly remarkable in subjects who had higher levels of MDA-LDL.	[61]
Lactobacillus acidophilus L1	48-volunteers with serum cholesterol level ranging from 5.40 to 8.32 mmol/L	200 g of yoghurt containing L.  acidophilus L1 for 10 weeks	Reduction of 2.4% total cholesterol level compared to the placebo group.	[62]
Bifidobacterium longumBL1	32 subjects with baseline cholesterol ranging from 220-280 mg/dL, body weight ranging from 55.4-81.8 kg, aged 28-60 years old	Incorporation of 108 CFU/g B. longumBL1 daily for 4 weeks.	(i) a significant decline in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (ii) 14.5% increase in HDL-cholesterol	[63]
Lactobacillus plantarum  299v (ProViva)	36 healthy volunteers with moderately elevated fibrinogen concentrations (>3.0 g/L); 35-45 years old; mean total cholesterol of 5.59 ± 0.88 mmol/L for treatment group & 5.51±0.75 mmol/L for control group.	400 mL of rose-hip drink containing 5.0 × 107 CFU/mL daily for 6 weeks.	(i) 2.5% decrease in total serum cholesterol level (ii) Decrease in LDL-C by 7.9%	[64]
Enterococcus faecium& 2 strains of Streptococcus  thermophilus  (Causido®; Gaio®)	32 patients between 36-65 years old with mean total cholesterol of 48.47 ± 26.75 mg/dL and mean LDL-C of 172.22±21.17 mg/dL	200 g of Gaio® containing 105-109 /mL of E. faecium& 5-20× 108/mL of S. thermophilus daily for 16 weeks	(i) Total cholesterol reduced by 5.3% (ii)LDL cholesterol reduce by 6.15%	[65]